Incentives
2025 solar incentives & tariff tracker
A quick view of active grants, export payments, net-billing rules, VAT, and storage support across top European markets.
Updated Dec 2025
2025 solar incentives & tariff tracker
| Country | Headline incentive | Export / feed-in | Net metering/billing | VAT | Storage / financing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | KfW grants (regional) and 0% VAT for residential kits. | Feed-in 8–12 c€/kWh, tiered <10 kW / 10–40 kW. | Market premium, annual balancing with grid operator. | 0% VAT on residential PV and storage. | Low-interest KfW loans and state battery rebates. |
| France | Prime à l’autoconsommation up to ~€370/kW (<9 kW). | Obligation d’Achat 10–13 c€/kWh for 20 years. | Self-consumption bonus plus export contract (EDF OA). | 5.5% reduced VAT for residential PV. | Regional battery grants and simplified connection steps. |
| Spain | NextGen EU grants via autonomous communities. | Compensación simplificada ~5–12 c€/kWh (by retailer). | Net billing with monthly settlement; export capped by contract. | 21% VAT (regional rebates may apply). | Up to ~70% battery rebates in select regions. |
| Italy | Regional grants and Comunità Energetiche support. | RID feed-in around 5–10 c€/kWh via GSE. | Net billing (Ritiro Dedicato) with annual balance. | 10% VAT for residential PV kits. | Battery tax credits and incentives for storage with PV. |
| Netherlands | 0% BTW on panels; cooperatives eligible for SCE support. | Salderingsregeling net-metering (phase-down from 2025). | One-to-one netting until phase-down; export fees per supplier. | 0% VAT on residential PV since 2023. | ISDE incentives for heat pumps; pilot battery rebates emerging. |
| United Kingdom | ECO4 and local grants plus 0% VAT until 2027. | Smart Export Guarantee 5–15 p/kWh (supplier-dependent). | Net billing, no classic net-metering; time-of-use matters. | 0% VAT for domestic PV and storage until 2027. | Home upgrade grants and DNO flexibility payments. |